AI-proof careers
The most AI-proof careers in America
No job is 100% safe from change — but some careers are structurally hard for AI to replace. These are the US careers with the lowest AI replacement risk scores in our database, with the salary and growth data to back them up.
Every score below is a 0–100 estimate based on task automation potential, exposure to robotics and AI software, and 10-year labor-market projections. Read how we score careers.
Lowest AI risk scores
789 careers rated “Low Risk”
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Firefighter
Education, Legal & Public Safety
School Superintendent
Healthcare
Charge Nurse
Service, Transport & Creative
Blacksmith
Skilled Trades
Elevator Installer
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Assault Victim Advocate
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Pre-K Teacher
Skilled Trades
Plumber
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Foster Care Specialist
Skilled Trades
Glazier
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Air Marshal
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Chief of Police
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Elementary School Teacher
Education, Legal & Public Safety
EMT / Paramedic
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Fish and Game Warden
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Police Officer
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Public Safety Director
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Special Education Teacher
Healthcare
Certified Nursing Assistant
Healthcare
Chiropractor
Healthcare
Esthetician
Healthcare
Lactation Consultant
Healthcare
Mental Health Counselor
Healthcare
Nurse Midwife
Healthcare
Occupational Therapist
Healthcare
Oncologist
Healthcare
Physical Therapist
Healthcare
Recreational Therapist
Healthcare
Veterinary Technician
Service, Transport & Creative
Barber and Hairstylist
Service, Transport & Creative
Bicycle Repairer
Service, Transport & Creative
Choreographer
Service, Transport & Creative
Cruise Ship Director
Service, Transport & Creative
Dog Groomer
Service, Transport & Creative
Sculptor
Skilled Trades
Aircraft Mechanic
Skilled Trades
Electrician
Skilled Trades
Elevator Installer and Repairer
Skilled Trades
Furniture Upholsterer
Skilled Trades
Glass Blower
Skilled Trades
Landscaper
Skilled Trades
Pipefitter
Skilled Trades
Septic Tank Servicer
Technology
Artificial Intelligence Engineer
Technology
Computer Research Scientist
Healthcare
Substance Abuse Counselor
Skilled Trades
Industrial Electrician
Skilled Trades
Ironworker
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Child Protective Services Worker
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Crime Scene Investigator
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Federal Agent
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Fire Marshal
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Juvenile Justice Counselor
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Park Ranger
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Patrol Officer
Healthcare
Athletic Trainer
Healthcare
Gerontology Nurse
Healthcare
Occupational Therapy Assistant
Healthcare
Pediatric Nurse
Healthcare
Psychiatric Technician
Service, Transport & Creative
Animal Control Officer
Skilled Trades
Auto Body Repairer
Skilled Trades
Boilermaker
Skilled Trades
Gunsmith
Skilled Trades
HVAC Technician
Skilled Trades
Lineman
Skilled Trades
Pipe Layer
Skilled Trades
Roofing Contractor
Skilled Trades
Stationary Engineer
Skilled Trades
Wind Turbine Technician
Technology
Information Security Manager
Skilled Trades
Terrazzo Worker
Business & Finance
Vice President of Finance
Education, Legal & Public Safety
City Manager
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Emergency Management Director
Education, Legal & Public Safety
K-12 Teacher
Education, Legal & Public Safety
School Counselor
Education, Legal & Public Safety
School Principal
Healthcare
Attendant Care Worker
Healthcare
Dental Hygienist
Healthcare
Dentist
Healthcare
Licensed Practical Nurse
Healthcare
Music Therapist
Healthcare
Orthopedic Technician
Healthcare
Physical Therapist Assistant
Healthcare
Physical Therapy Assistant
Healthcare
Psychiatrist
Healthcare
Registered Nurse
Healthcare
Respiratory Therapist
Healthcare
Surgical Technologist
Healthcare
Ultrasound Technician
Healthcare
Vascular Technologist
Service, Transport & Creative
Bartender
Service, Transport & Creative
Deckhand
Service, Transport & Creative
Flight Attendant
Service, Transport & Creative
Makeup Artist
Service, Transport & Creative
Piano Tuner
Skilled Trades
Carpenter
Skilled Trades
Refractory Mason
Skilled Trades
Steamfitter
Technology
IT Director
Technology
Machine Learning Engineer
Technology
Robotics Engineer
Technology
UX Designer
Skilled Trades
Rigger
Business & Finance
Chief Executive Officer
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Adoption Agent
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Art Teacher
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Border Patrol Agent
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Detective
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Fire Inspector
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Human Services Coordinator
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Middle School Teacher
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Reading Specialist
Education, Legal & Public Safety
State Trooper
Healthcare
Anesthesiologist Assistant
Healthcare
Clinical Pharmacist
Healthcare
Diagnostic Medical Sonographer
Healthcare
Endoscopy Technician
Healthcare
Nurse Practitioner
Healthcare
Patient Care Technician
Healthcare
Rehabilitation Counselor
Service, Transport & Creative
Gaffer
Service, Transport & Creative
Puppeteer
Service, Transport & Creative
Tattoo Artist
Skilled Trades
Appliance Repair Technician
Skilled Trades
Construction Manager
Skilled Trades
Diesel Mechanic
Skilled Trades
Instrument Technician
Skilled Trades
Lather
Skilled Trades
Millwright
Skilled Trades
Pile Driver Operator
Skilled Trades
Shipfitter
Skilled Trades
Solar Photovoltaic Installer
Skilled Trades
Stonemason
Technology
Chief Technology Officer
Technology
DevSecOps Engineer
Technology
Solutions Architect
Technology
Systems Architect
Technology
Telecommunications Equipment Installer
Healthcare
Orthotist and Prosthetist
Skilled Trades
Refrigeration Mechanic
Skilled Trades
Tile and Marble Setter
Business & Finance
Business Architect
Business & Finance
Chief Operating Officer
Business & Finance
Real Estate Agent
Business & Finance
Real Estate Developer
Business & Finance
Trust Officer
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Arson Investigator
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Caseworker
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Data Privacy Officer
Education, Legal & Public Safety
District Attorney
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Economic Development Officer
Education, Legal & Public Safety
High School Teacher
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Magistrate
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Occupational Health and Safety Specialist
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Private Investigator
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Public Defender
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Social Worker
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Victim Witness Coordinator
Healthcare
Anesthesia Technician
Healthcare
Behavioral Health Technician
Healthcare
Dialysis Technician
Healthcare
Home Health Aide
Healthcare
Hospital Administrator
Healthcare
Medical Physicist
Healthcare
MRI Technologist
Healthcare
Nurse Anesthetist
Healthcare
Ophthalmologist
Healthcare
Perfusionist
Healthcare
Phlebotomist
Healthcare
Physician
Healthcare
Radiation Therapist
Healthcare
Speech-Language Pathologist
Healthcare
Toxicologist
Service, Transport & Creative
Art Gallery Manager
Service, Transport & Creative
Cake Decorator
Service, Transport & Creative
Chef and Head Cook
Service, Transport & Creative
Creative Director
Service, Transport & Creative
Floral Designer
Service, Transport & Creative
Lighting Technician
Service, Transport & Creative
Music Director
Service, Transport & Creative
Personal Fitness Trainer
Service, Transport & Creative
Production Assistant
Service, Transport & Creative
Restaurateur
Service, Transport & Creative
Video Game Designer
Skilled Trades
Auto Mechanic
Skilled Trades
Avionics Mechanic
Skilled Trades
Maintenance Worker
Skilled Trades
Plasterer
Skilled Trades
Sheet Metal Worker
Skilled Trades
Stair Builder
Technology
Automation Engineer
Technology
Avionics Technician
Technology
Big Data Engineer
Technology
Cloud Architect
Technology
Cybersecurity Analyst
Technology
Firmware Engineer
Technology
IT Operations Manager
Technology
IT Project Manager
Technology
Machine Learning Scientist
Technology
Security Engineer
Technology
Computer Vision Engineer
Business & Finance
Chief Financial Officer
Business & Finance
Director of Operations
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Adult Literacy Instructor
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Education Administrator
Healthcare
Cardiovascular Technologist
Healthcare
Exercise Physiologist
Healthcare
Nursing Home Administrator
Healthcare
Pathologists Assistant
Healthcare
Surgical Assistant
Service, Transport & Creative
Sommelier
Skilled Trades
Brickmason
Skilled Trades
Bridge Inspector
Skilled Trades
Cabinetmaker
Skilled Trades
Furniture Finisher
Skilled Trades
Marine Mechanic
Skilled Trades
Structural Metal Fabricator
Skilled Trades
Tool and Die Maker
Technology
Enterprise Architect
Technology
Platform Engineer
Business & Finance
Project Manager
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Correctional Officer
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Digital Forensics Examiner
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Family Law Attorney
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Museum Curator
Healthcare
EKG Technician
Healthcare
Nuclear Medicine Technologist
Healthcare
Optometrist
Healthcare
Physician Assistant
Service, Transport & Creative
Costume Designer
Technology
Data Warehouse Architect
Technology
DevOps Engineer
Technology
Hardware Engineer
Technology
Natural Language Processing Engineer
Technology
Site Reliability Engineer
Technology
Systems Integrator
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Civil Rights Investigator
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Security Consultant
Healthcare
Genetic Counselor
Skilled Trades
Locksmith
Technology
Sales Engineer
Business & Finance
Business Broker
Business & Finance
Business Development Manager
Business & Finance
Director of Finance
Business & Finance
ERP Consultant
Business & Finance
Forensic Accountant
Business & Finance
Management Consultant
Business & Finance
Strategy Manager
Business & Finance
Supply Chain Manager
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Bailiff
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Evidence Technician
Education, Legal & Public Safety
General Counsel
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Immigration Officer
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Training and Development Manager
Healthcare
Audiologist
Healthcare
Clinical Research Coordinator
Healthcare
Environmental Services Technician
Healthcare
Infection Control Coordinator
Healthcare
Medical Assistant
Healthcare
Medical Laboratory Scientist
Healthcare
Ophthalmic Technician
Healthcare
Patient Advocate
Service, Transport & Creative
Art Director
Service, Transport & Creative
Baker
Service, Transport & Creative
Commercial Pilot
Service, Transport & Creative
Event Coordinator
Service, Transport & Creative
Fine Artist
Service, Transport & Creative
Musician
Service, Transport & Creative
Ship Captain
Skilled Trades
Crane Operator
Skilled Trades
Masonry Worker
Skilled Trades
Welder
Technology
Blockchain Developer
Technology
Cloud Solutions Architect
Technology
Cryptographer
Technology
Embedded Systems Engineer
Technology
Infrastructure Architect
Technology
Product Manager
Technology
Software Engineer
Technology
User Researcher
Technology
Wireless Network Engineer
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Housing Program Manager
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Parole Officer
Healthcare
Health Physicist
Service, Transport & Creative
Land Surveying Technician
Skilled Trades
Precision Instrument Repairer
Technology
Middleware Engineer
Business & Finance
Actuary
Business & Finance
Business Operations Manager
Business & Finance
Commercial Real Estate Broker
Business & Finance
Human Resources Specialist
Business & Finance
Investor Relations Specialist
Business & Finance
Sales Representative
Business & Finance
Strategic Planner
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Code Enforcement Officer
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Estate Planner
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Grant Administrator
Education, Legal & Public Safety
Librarian
Education, Legal & Public Safety
University Professor
Service, Transport & Creative
Clothing Designer
Service, Transport & Creative
Fleet Manager
Service, Transport & Creative
Interior Designer
Service, Transport & Creative
Jewelry Designer
Service, Transport & Creative
Public Relations Specialist
Service, Transport & Creative
Set Designer
Skilled Trades
Heavy Equipment Operator
Skilled Trades
Stonecutter
Technology
Application Security Engineer
Technology
Biomedical Engineer
Technology
Cloud Engineer
Technology
E-commerce Developer
Technology
Information Architect
Technology
Mobile Application Developer
Technology
Network Administrator
Technology
Network Security Engineer
Technology
Penetration Tester
Business & Finance
Corporate Secretary
Also strong: the next tier of resilient careers
These careers score in the low-moderate band — significant parts are safe, but expect AI to change how the routine work gets done.
- Administrative Services ManagerModerate Risk · 35/100
- Asset ManagerModerate Risk · 35/100
- Business AnalystModerate Risk · 35/100
- Certified Financial PlannerModerate Risk · 35/100
- Financial ControllerModerate Risk · 35/100
- Global Sourcing ManagerModerate Risk · 35/100
- Growth HackerModerate Risk · 35/100
- Hotel ManagerModerate Risk · 35/100
- Human Resources ManagerModerate Risk · 35/100
- Marketing ManagerModerate Risk · 35/100
The pattern behind the scores
What actually makes a career AI-proof?
Physical work in unpredictable settings
Robots excel in controlled environments. Crawl spaces, construction sites, patients' homes and crime scenes are the opposite — every job is different, and improvisation is the job.
Trust, empathy and accountability
People want a human on the other side when health, money, children or the law are at stake. Licensed professionals also carry legal accountability that software can't hold.
Judgment under ambiguity
AI is strongest when the rules are clear. Careers built on open-ended judgment — diagnosing the weird case, negotiating the messy deal, managing people — stay stubbornly human.
Notice what's not on the safe list: careers where most of the day is routine, screen-based and rule-driven. Curious about the other end of the spectrum? See the jobs most exposed to AI.
Find the future-proof career that fits you
The safest career on paper isn't always the right one. Answer 6 quick questions and get your 5 best-matched future-proof careers — ranked by your interests, salary goals and work style.
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